Finding a true friend can be one of the best experiences in life. However, not all friendships are the same, and the meaning of “friendship” can differ from person to person. Some might think of a friend as someone they enjoy spending time with, someone they trust, or someone who supports them. This question has intrigued people since ancient times, including the famous philosopher Aristotle, who wrote about it in the fourth century B.C. He explained that friendship can vary not only in quality but also in type, identifying three distinct kinds of friendships.
Aristotle emphasized that he believed friendship was even more essential than justice. In his work, the Nicomachean Ethics, he noted that when people are friends, they do not require justice, but even when they are just, they still need friendship.
The first type is friendships of utility. These friendships are often based on practical benefits, where each person gains something from the relationship. Aristotle mentioned that individuals who value each other for their usefulness do not necessarily care for each other personally, but rather for the benefits they provide. An example of this could be a friendship between coworkers or business partners. Although they may enjoy each other’s company, if one leaves the workplace, the friendship may end as well. He also pointed out that friendships of utility often occur among older individuals who prioritize practicality over pleasure.
The second type is friendships of pleasure. These friendships develop because people enjoy each other’s company and find joy in shared interests. Whether it’s laughing together, enjoying sports, art, or music, these friends appreciate the fun they have. However, Aristotle noted that while these friendships can be enjoyable, they often do not last. He explained that people tend to love others who are witty or entertaining, but this affection is based more on what the person provides rather than the person themselves. Therefore, if one friend no longer brings joy or entertainment, the friendship may dissolve easily.
The last type is friendships of the good. Aristotle defined this as a perfect friendship between individuals who share similar virtues. In these friendships, both friends wish well for each other because they are good people. However, these types of friendships are less common than the others. They require a level of shared virtue, which can be rare, and they also take time to develop. Aristotle stated that such friendships are not frequent because people who possess similar virtues are hard to find. Additionally, he explained that building these friendships requires time and familiarity.
What do you think about Aristotle’s views on friendship?
Sources:
Source: Upworthy, by Annie Reneau